Categories
History Publications

Modern Recording And Music Part 2

So.  5 years later.  1981.  How had ‘home-recording’ coverage changed?  The range of products had increased, certainly.  There is still a focus here on consumer and prosumer tape decks and tape stock, vague ‘reader-questions’ such as “what does a producer do,” and of course the Teddy-Pendergrass tracking session notes.  The publication does seem to have gotten more sophisticated though.  We now see ads for expensive test equipment and console automation.   Let’s take a look at some of the more interesting bits and bobs c.  ’81.

I have one of these MXR limiters.  They can be purchased for under $100.  Initially I used it often to group-compress drums together with bass for hip hop tracks; lately I’ve been using it for parallel drum compression and it works great for that.  Very aggressive sound; quiet, good fidelity.  The ‘channel-link’ button seems to do very little; also the input (or output?) gain is not matched between the channels; annoying to work around but it’s worth the hassles for the sound.  Pick one up if you can.

Q is right to demand his Auratones.  This is a truly great product.  I had an old banged-up pair for years, and about 5 years ago I put a newly-manufactured pair of “Avantones” in their place.  The Avantone is just as good, if not better.   What are these speakers and why are they so good?  First off, don’t believe the language in this ad.  These speakers do not sound great, and they CERTAINLY do not give a mixer “all that will be in the grooves.”  These speakers are ‘real-world reference speakers.’ Unlike big, expensive ‘Studio Monitors,’ Auratones/Avantones  have no low end and no high end.  They sound, instead, like the majority of actual speakers that normal people will actually hear your work on.  This is crucial to mixing.  In the audio-post-production (IE,. sound work for video mediums) world we call these ‘TV speakers.”  As-in, ‘hey charlie, lemme hear it on the TV speakers.’  As-in, Auratones/Avantones sound pretty similar to the speakers that are built in to a decent TV set.  But: even better: they can handle very high power.  If you need to, you can put pretty heavy watts into these guys (well, at least the Avantones) and you will not damage them.

I love editing audio on the Avantones.  They just sound good at low volume levels.   Audio playback on really expensive speakers at low level always puts me off.  If I have to spend 3 hours editing drums, i would much rather do it at a quiet level on these little guys.  BTW – in my experience – artists generally hate these things.  The artist will always prefer hearing playback loud, and on the expensive speakers.  Be prepared.

I applaud Avantone for being straight-forward and celebrating their product as being ‘bass-impaired’ and ‘real-world.’  I think that if you had believed this 1981 ad and purchased a pair of Auratones as your main mixing speakers, you would have been very disappointed.  As a 2nd or 3rd pair of studio speakers, tho, they are great.

Pretty incredible that tape stock once made such an enormous difference in the quality of your recordings.  It is a similar concept as data compression today.  But while bytes are basically free, i.e., we all seem to have more data-storage capacity than we need, regardless of the bit rates and sampling frequency that we chose, tape was expensive!  I remember once purchasing a blank cassette tape for almost $60.  The shell was made from a ceramic composite.  What mix-tape could have possibly justified this expense? I think I was like 12 years old btw.

Nice.  Another piece of CT pro-audio history.  I recently came upon a large folio of original documentation on the entire ‘Loft’ line.  There is very little information on the web about this short-lived manufacturer, other than the later employment of its founder Peter J. Nimirowski. Looks like this man ran fast+far from the pro audio world.  If I can ever scare up a piece of this hardware I plan to write a feature on them.

Update:  Peter got in touch with PS.com after we published this article.  Peter tells us that he stayed involved with LOFT for several years after the firm was sold.  Peter also turned us on to the existence of LOFT consoles.  We have no information regarding these consoles in the archive, so if anyone out there can share any images/data ETC., please do.

Ah.  The classic.  These Technics decks just look so great, and they sound great too.  I had 3 or 4 of these at one time, literally pulled from the dumpster of an Ad Agency that ran out of storage space.  Someday another will turn up.  I don’t believe that these decks had balanced I/O, which would put them well in the camp of consumer audio gear, but if I remember right the sound quality was on par with any Tascam or Otari 50/50 that I ever owned.

********************

***********


The biggest development of the year in audio, however, was no fleeting piece of hardware: it was a new audio-product-delivery technology that would forever change the world of music and audio.   The Compact Digital Audio Disc.  The CD.

There has been a lot of discussion about the recent decline of the Recording-Industry.  A lot of accusations of poor moral decision-making on the part of music (non) purchasers; a lot of charges of greed and short-sightedness on the part of the industry; a lot of chatter that this was all ‘inevitable’ due to ‘information sharing’ in the ‘internet age.’

Can we consider, though, that perhaps it was not illegal file-sharing that began the collapse of the economic basis of the Recording Industry.  Perhaps instead we can trace the problem to the decision to encode consumer audio as data.  To forever free audio from issues of mechanical reproduction and the consequent loss of fidelity that occurs every time a mechanical copy (be it magnetic tape or embossed disc) is made.    Once the Recording Industry made the decision to offer these digital copies (I.E., CDs) of their content for sale, they essentially surrendered the one piece of control that they possessed up to that point: The ability to manufacture clones of their products which were identical in quality to the original.  By making and marketing CDs of their recordings, Record Companies essentially gave away the privileged access that they once had sole control over.

Sure, there were bootleg LPs and Tapes sold before 1981.  But they did not, COULD NOT, sound as good as a Label copy.  A bootleg CD sounds exactly the same as a Label CD.  It has to.  And a downloaded WAV file ripped from a CD sounds exactly the same as a label CD.  It has to.

Categories
History Publications

starting at the beginning

Decided to build a recording studio.  It won’t cost me a ton of bread.

I heard that it’s important to have a private, personal space to ‘work out ideas’ etc.

I’ve been reading up on where to stick the microphones.  So many loud noises.

This shit is hella confusing tho.  Might have to go to special recording school/camp.

***********

*******

***

“Modern Recording Magazine” was published from at least 1975 through 1981.  This is all I can confirm from both the internet, and from my own digging through physical copies of the magazine.  Based on the content of the advertising and editorial, the publication seems clearly aimed at the new species of ‘home-recordists’ birthed by the advent of the TEAC/TASCAM multi-track recording equipment (see scan at head of this article).  There is a lot of discussion of tape stock, graphic EQs, where to stick the mics, what goes down in a ‘pro session,’ etc.  Unlike “Recording Engineer/Producer,” another publication of the era, this magazine was not aimed at working professional sound engineers.   There is plenty of interesting content, though.  For instance, well-known music writers Nat Hentoff and Craig Anderton contributed some pieces.

The Jan’76 issue which I read today featured “Part II” of “The History of Magnetic Recording” by a Robert Angus.   This article revealed that the earliest magnetic audio recorders were demonstrated in the year 1900 and marketed and sold in the United States as early as 1908.    Goddamn that is a long time ago.  A young Danish engineer named Poulsen patented the idea in the US around that time.  For all the details about Poulsen and his predecessors, visit this page.

The earliest champion of magnetic recording in the United States was Charles D Rood, pictured above on the eve of his 92nd birthday.  Rood was the archetype of the 19th century plutocrat:  he made his career as an oil salesman, made his millions popularizing the Hamilton watch, and then lost it all trying to manufacture recording equipment.  He was a character of mixed-reputation; here the NYT lampoons him in an article from 1911:

Poulsen/Rood’s Telegraphone was the earliest mass-marketed Wire Recorder, a recording device which works pretty much the same way as a tape recorder, but with a piece of magnetic wire in place of metal-coated tape.

(web source)

These machines were not intended to record music.  Given that (as the NYT article tells us) Rood hated smoking, drinking, cussing, and cavorting, I think we can fairly assume that he was not too much into music.  What Rood was into, clearly, was business: and the Telegraphone was created and sold as a business dictation machine, designed to be used with a telephone as the input device.

According to Angus’ article in “Modern Recording,” Rood seems to have turned down or ignored every possibility to promote, exploit, and grow the technology that he was manufacturing; instead, he seems to have devoted his energies towards stock manipulation, lawsuits with AT&T, and selling equipment to the German Navy (in the 1930s….).  Rood even ignored Lee De Forest’s experiments using the Telegraphone for use in sync with Motion Pictures.  In 1912.    This is a full 15 years before “The Jazz Singer” debuted.    BTW, if you are not familiar with Lee De Forest:  He invented the vacuum tube.

If anyone has ever used a Telegraphone, drop a line and tell us about it.

Categories
Uncategorized

just good design

The Advent 300 FM stereo receiver was introduced in 1976.  In audio-speak, ‘Receiver’ indicates a device which combines a tuner (radio receiver), a pre-amplifier (a device which governs audio control functions such as level, source selection, etc), and a power amplifier (a device with high current output in order to drive speakers to a listening level).

I have always admired the design of this piece, and I was excited to pick one up today (in the box, no less) at an Estate Sale for a few dollars.

The ‘industrial’ styling of the piece is striking considering the era.  It almost looks like a piece of industrial paging-equipment.  IT stands to reason that the design was motivated by the fact that the major selling point of the unit was a sort of ‘less-is-more’ attitude.  This unit sacrifices high-wattage-output (which few people ever use anyway) in order to devote more dollar-value to a higher-quality signal path throughout, and more R+D efforts.  Advent clearly knew that the design was stellar; they even included a graphic representation on the box of the unit.

Here is a scan of the entire manual, in case you want to check out the details.  I really like the way that this manual is written.  The writing is very much in-line with the electronic philosophy of the unit.  For instance, there is basically no ‘instruction’ to it – the unit is so simple that it hardly needs any explanation.  Instead, the manual focuses on the ‘why’ of the unit.

Manual: Advent300_Manual

There is a schematic printed on the bottom of the unit, which is a good thing, because my 300 did not work when i hooked it up.  The schematic revealed a likely culprit, and after opening the unit and replacing a few internal fuses (located AFTER the power lamp!), it was cooking.  And it works well, especially the tuner.

The best part of the manual is the ‘in-situation’ ‘serving suggestions’ that Advent offers.  Enjoy a trip to Tasteful Contemporary Home c. 1976:

Categories
Publications

expectations

Electronics are incredible, inscrutable stuff that is handed to us by the gods. (1937)

Electronics are epic and awe-inspiring, and we have captured their essence and can now control it (via Atomic bombs).  (1949)

Electronics have given us the power to reach and control distant space(s). (1951)

We have now built a world organized and dominated by electronics.  See how dependent we are on these objects. (1959)

Electronics are for everyone!  This is the regular, comfortable stuff you are used to! Look at the variety on offer! (1963)

You don’t really care so much about the electronics themselves; they are ubiquitous.  But you do still care about their ability to impact/enhance your life. (1970)

This is not even ‘your life’ pictured.  This is a ‘hollywood’ fantasy scene that you will likely never participate in.  Perhaps if you buy some of the electronics on offer within (none of which are pictured in this image, BTW), you will get some vague sensation of having incorporated this fantasy narrative into your own existence.

***********

*******

***

Is this narrative accurate?

Which came first:  The shift in consumer’s use/understanding of these objects, or marketers’ positioning of the objects?

How much of a factor was the ‘miniturization’ and ‘cost-reduction’ afforded by the widespread introduction of the transistor (1955-ish)?

Categories
Custom Fabrication Guitar Equipment Technical

The Field-Coil Guitar Amplifier

(web source)

The year is 1946.  You are a man of the world.  Bold and sophisticated.  A true musical connoisseur.

(Web Source)

In your stately home you use music to relax and to entertain.  Your Magnavox Regency 155 combination Radio/Phonograph, with state-of-the-art dual 12″ speakers,  serves you well for many decades.  After many long and fruitful years, the day will come that you will pass into the next life; and then I will build a guitar amp from your Enormous Radio.

*************

******

***

When I did in fact purchase this gigantic ‘Instrument,’ as the manual called it, it was far too large to fit in my car.  So with some basic hand-tools I dissected my $25 dollar purchase in the faded parlor where it had sat for a lifetime.  I removed the radio chassis (mostly junk save for some 6J5 tubes), the later-added GE RIAA phono pre (sold on eBay), the 25 watt amplifier chassis (salvaged the tubes, output and phase-inverter transformers), and two 12″ Magnavox field-coil speakers.

Luckily, my purchase came complete with all the manuals, service guides, and original warranty card.  Using the schematic I was able to see how the ‘field-coil’ speakers function in this type of amplifier.

In my previous post on field coil speakers, I went into some detail about this technology and its relationship to more modern speakers.  Now the time had come to actually build a working audio device using this antique technology.

I have completed the piece, and in this article I will describe some of the challenges faced, techniques used, and offer some audio examples of the end result.  This is a somewhat long article, so if you just want to hear the audio, skip to the end…

FOLLOW THE LINK BELOW TO READ ON….

Categories
Guitar Equipment

Exclusive Bonus Content!

A purchase can sometimes have an unexpected collateral component.

Let’s say you know a lady who is a fan of Charlie’s Angels.  Especially Kate Jackson’s ‘Sabrina’ character.  On the program, Sabrina drove the much-maligned Ford PINTO automobile.  You are at a local library used-book sale and you pick up a copy of the Ford repair manual for this car.

It turns out that the book has an undisclosed bonus-feature which may/may-not enhance the driving experience.

********************************

*********************

*********

One of the more interesting aspects of buying cheap old guitars is the odd bits and bobs that are in the guitar cases along with the instrument.

This point was brought into sharp focus this weekend when I realized that I had purchased a 1950’s Harmony tenor guitar largely due to the antique capo that was on the guitar’s neck.

A ‘Sid Kleiner’-branded Kay guitar from yesterday’s flea market contained some old bank drafts, songbooks, and obscure picks.

I wonder if I have gone off the ‘deep-end.’  But then I remember…  one Will Hoover actually had a book published on some of this folky flotsam.  A book which I bought.  Shit.

Occasionally, a guitar case will contain the original sales pamphlet and/or retail-hang-tags that accompanied the instrument at the time of purchase.  These can sometimes prove to be valuable, selling for between $10 and $5000 (if you happen to find a 1950s Les Paul guitar).

Nonetheless, my favorite random case-finds are antique string packages.  As graphic-design pieces, they reveal a lot about how the guitar manufacturers positioned their instruments and their consumers.  Here is a quick survey of some old packages that I have come across in the past few years.

FOLLOW THE LINK BELOW FOR MORE….

Categories
Microphones

Forgotten Microphone Shoot-out

In an earlier post, I mentioned that I keep some Turner 99 microphones in the mic locker.  The Turner 99 is one of the few 1950’s dynamic mics that I feel compelled to use for studio recording.  Since we had a drum kit setup for recording in a fairly live room, I thought this would be a good time to do a quick ‘obscure microphone shootout’ featuring the Turner 99 plus a couple of other oddities that ‘passed muster’ to the degree that they earned a place in the studio rather than in a large box in the back of my coat closet.

In order to make this a (potentially) useful endeavor, i set up an AKG 414 in omnidirectional mode along side said obscure mics.  Four signals were simultaneously recorded, all at the same level relative to the snare drum.  I used the same mic preamp (the very neutral 4-channel Sytek) for each mic.  I added no processing whatsoever.  If you give a listen to the AKG 414 track,  you will hear  pretty good representation of what you would have experienced had you been standing in front of the kit during the performance.

Here is the AKG 414. Click on the link below to hear the audio stream.

AKG_01

Here is a Turner 99:

Turner U99_01

Here is a Shure 535, which was a mid-level omnidirectional dynamic sold in the 1950s.

Shure 535_01

…And here is an AKG D124E, a rare high-end dynamic mic from the early 1970’s.  I had always felt that this was a very robust, full-sounding microphone, but listening to it relative to the 414 it sounds pretty pathetic.

AKG_D124E_01

Categories
Guitar Equipment Publications

das 70s rock

I love German rock music of the 70s.  Popul Vuh’s soundtracks for Herzog films.

Tangerine Dream and Klaus Schulze.  Neu.  Amon Duul II.  And, of course, the immortal CAN.

There is a uniquely hypnotic, repetitive, druggy vibe to so much of this music.

It’s incredible just how different 70’s German rock music was compared to that from the UK, Italy, Sweden, and France.   Much music gets described as ‘Psychedelic,’ but very little of it actually has the potential for ‘mind-alteration’ in the way that this music does.

It’s not hard to see how these sounds effortlessly transformed into ‘Techno’ in the 80s, a counter-path to American RnB’s simultaneous development into hip hop.

Appreciation of vintage German audio equipment is intense, but it is generally limited to microphones and pro-audio equipment.  This is where the German reputation for precision really seems to sell the products.  Now that I think about it, of the 9 microphones that I stuck on the drum kit yesterday, 6 were German.  2 Neumanns for the room, an old Sennheiser 409 above the snare drum, and some 70’s Sennheiser 441s on the rack toms and under the snare.

441s are really fantastic microphones.  I wish I had even more of them.

Beyond Neumann and Sennheiser, German brand Telefunken is a favorite of audio engineers.  No one hears too much about old German guitars and amplifiers though.  I recently picked up this Ovation ‘Tornado.’

Ovation is an American brand (CT, actually…), but this, their earliest electric guitar, was actually composed of a German-made body with a US-made neck attached in the states.  It’s a nice guitar. German makers also supplied components to US guitar-maker Carvin in the 60s and 70’s

I came across a pile of 70’s German rock-instrument magazines and catalogs not too long ago. Here’s a quick tour of some of the more interesting things I found…

The Schaller Corp’s popular aftermarket guitar tuning pegs represent perhaps the greatest US market penetration that a German guitar company would have in the 70’s.  I feel like 30% of 1970’s Gibson guitars have been ‘improved’ with Schaller tuners.  Looks like Schaller also made effect devices.

FOLLOW THE LINK FOR MORE….

Categories
Uncategorized

Recording some music today

Been recording today.

We spent last evening setting up, running cables, tuning the drum kit, and getting some basic drum sounds going.

Trying to get drums down for 6 songs today.  The material has a loose, laid-back feel, so it’s not too tall an order.

Categories
Guitar Equipment History Technical

Fkkng magnets. How do they work?

I had often heard of primitive ‘field-coil’ speakers, but it was not until i was confronted with a pair of them that I actually had to come to grips with this ancient technology.

Consider how a basic modern speaker driver works.  See this excellent animation for a quick example.

There is a (usually) paper cone with some wire wrapped around a center post.  The wire coil sits roughly inside a ring of magnetic material (either ceramic or metallic).

An electrical-signal is sent into the wire coil, and this causes it move relative to the fixed magnet.

OK so we all know what a paper cone is.  And we all know what a coil of wire is.  But what about this magnet?  Where did it come from?

Well, it turns out that modern speakers use what are called ‘permanent magnets.’  As-in, the magnet has a permanent charge.  The material which composes the magnet is always magnetic, regardless of any other influence.  Hold a key up to the back of any raw speaker driver and you will see that yes this is in fact a magnet.  And a pretty powerful one.

Permament magnets possesing enough magnetic power to function in a speaker driver are not naturally occurring materials, though.  They had to be invented.  And they were, largely as part of American WW2 engineering efforts.  These new, powerful permanent magnets were engineerd from an alloy of aluminum, nickel, and cobalt, hence their name:  Alnico magnets.  In the 1950s, newer ‘ceramic’ permanent magnets were engineered, and these became the norm owing to their even greater efficiency and lower cost (cobalt is expensive as a raw material).

But what about all the speakers and guitar amps designed BEFORE the invention of this wonderful Alnico substance?  These devices (and it’s rare to find one that is still in good working condition) use similar looking speakers, but with a very different type of magnet.  They use Electromagnets.  Meaning:  they use magnets which are made of a material which only become magnetic when a large DC current is passing through it.

Exactly where the audio device creates this large DC current, and exactly what effect this arrangement has on the total system, are interesting issues to explore.  This piece is a still a work-in progress.

I hope to have it completed soon, and I will post some audio examples of this antique technology at work.