Categories
History Publications

starting at the beginning

Decided to build a recording studio.  It won’t cost me a ton of bread.

I heard that it’s important to have a private, personal space to ‘work out ideas’ etc.

I’ve been reading up on where to stick the microphones.  So many loud noises.

This shit is hella confusing tho.  Might have to go to special recording school/camp.

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“Modern Recording Magazine” was published from at least 1975 through 1981.  This is all I can confirm from both the internet, and from my own digging through physical copies of the magazine.  Based on the content of the advertising and editorial, the publication seems clearly aimed at the new species of ‘home-recordists’ birthed by the advent of the TEAC/TASCAM multi-track recording equipment (see scan at head of this article).  There is a lot of discussion of tape stock, graphic EQs, where to stick the mics, what goes down in a ‘pro session,’ etc.  Unlike “Recording Engineer/Producer,” another publication of the era, this magazine was not aimed at working professional sound engineers.   There is plenty of interesting content, though.  For instance, well-known music writers Nat Hentoff and Craig Anderton contributed some pieces.

The Jan’76 issue which I read today featured “Part II” of “The History of Magnetic Recording” by a Robert Angus.   This article revealed that the earliest magnetic audio recorders were demonstrated in the year 1900 and marketed and sold in the United States as early as 1908.    Goddamn that is a long time ago.  A young Danish engineer named Poulsen patented the idea in the US around that time.  For all the details about Poulsen and his predecessors, visit this page.

The earliest champion of magnetic recording in the United States was Charles D Rood, pictured above on the eve of his 92nd birthday.  Rood was the archetype of the 19th century plutocrat:  he made his career as an oil salesman, made his millions popularizing the Hamilton watch, and then lost it all trying to manufacture recording equipment.  He was a character of mixed-reputation; here the NYT lampoons him in an article from 1911:

Poulsen/Rood’s Telegraphone was the earliest mass-marketed Wire Recorder, a recording device which works pretty much the same way as a tape recorder, but with a piece of magnetic wire in place of metal-coated tape.

(web source)

These machines were not intended to record music.  Given that (as the NYT article tells us) Rood hated smoking, drinking, cussing, and cavorting, I think we can fairly assume that he was not too much into music.  What Rood was into, clearly, was business: and the Telegraphone was created and sold as a business dictation machine, designed to be used with a telephone as the input device.

According to Angus’ article in “Modern Recording,” Rood seems to have turned down or ignored every possibility to promote, exploit, and grow the technology that he was manufacturing; instead, he seems to have devoted his energies towards stock manipulation, lawsuits with AT&T, and selling equipment to the German Navy (in the 1930s….).  Rood even ignored Lee De Forest’s experiments using the Telegraphone for use in sync with Motion Pictures.  In 1912.    This is a full 15 years before “The Jazz Singer” debuted.    BTW, if you are not familiar with Lee De Forest:  He invented the vacuum tube.

If anyone has ever used a Telegraphone, drop a line and tell us about it.

Categories
Publications

expectations

Electronics are incredible, inscrutable stuff that is handed to us by the gods. (1937)

Electronics are epic and awe-inspiring, and we have captured their essence and can now control it (via Atomic bombs).  (1949)

Electronics have given us the power to reach and control distant space(s). (1951)

We have now built a world organized and dominated by electronics.  See how dependent we are on these objects. (1959)

Electronics are for everyone!  This is the regular, comfortable stuff you are used to! Look at the variety on offer! (1963)

You don’t really care so much about the electronics themselves; they are ubiquitous.  But you do still care about their ability to impact/enhance your life. (1970)

This is not even ‘your life’ pictured.  This is a ‘hollywood’ fantasy scene that you will likely never participate in.  Perhaps if you buy some of the electronics on offer within (none of which are pictured in this image, BTW), you will get some vague sensation of having incorporated this fantasy narrative into your own existence.

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Is this narrative accurate?

Which came first:  The shift in consumer’s use/understanding of these objects, or marketers’ positioning of the objects?

How much of a factor was the ‘miniturization’ and ‘cost-reduction’ afforded by the widespread introduction of the transistor (1955-ish)?

Categories
Guitar Equipment Publications

das 70s rock

I love German rock music of the 70s.  Popul Vuh’s soundtracks for Herzog films.

Tangerine Dream and Klaus Schulze.  Neu.  Amon Duul II.  And, of course, the immortal CAN.

There is a uniquely hypnotic, repetitive, druggy vibe to so much of this music.

It’s incredible just how different 70’s German rock music was compared to that from the UK, Italy, Sweden, and France.   Much music gets described as ‘Psychedelic,’ but very little of it actually has the potential for ‘mind-alteration’ in the way that this music does.

It’s not hard to see how these sounds effortlessly transformed into ‘Techno’ in the 80s, a counter-path to American RnB’s simultaneous development into hip hop.

Appreciation of vintage German audio equipment is intense, but it is generally limited to microphones and pro-audio equipment.  This is where the German reputation for precision really seems to sell the products.  Now that I think about it, of the 9 microphones that I stuck on the drum kit yesterday, 6 were German.  2 Neumanns for the room, an old Sennheiser 409 above the snare drum, and some 70’s Sennheiser 441s on the rack toms and under the snare.

441s are really fantastic microphones.  I wish I had even more of them.

Beyond Neumann and Sennheiser, German brand Telefunken is a favorite of audio engineers.  No one hears too much about old German guitars and amplifiers though.  I recently picked up this Ovation ‘Tornado.’

Ovation is an American brand (CT, actually…), but this, their earliest electric guitar, was actually composed of a German-made body with a US-made neck attached in the states.  It’s a nice guitar. German makers also supplied components to US guitar-maker Carvin in the 60s and 70’s

I came across a pile of 70’s German rock-instrument magazines and catalogs not too long ago. Here’s a quick tour of some of the more interesting things I found…

The Schaller Corp’s popular aftermarket guitar tuning pegs represent perhaps the greatest US market penetration that a German guitar company would have in the 70’s.  I feel like 30% of 1970’s Gibson guitars have been ‘improved’ with Schaller tuners.  Looks like Schaller also made effect devices.

FOLLOW THE LINK FOR MORE….

Categories
Publications

RIP audio magazine 1947-2000

AUDIO magazine was published between 1947 and 2000.  I have been reviewing a number of issues from the early 1960s.  It is very interesting to note the range of topics that the magazine covered.  There are reviews of new consumer audio products, reviews of musical albums,  and features on custom-made home hi-fi installations.  This is all in line with what we would find in, say, ‘Stereophile‘ magazine today.

But there is also a great deal of more technical/professional information.  Articles on acoustics; articles on live sound; and every issue I have from the 60’s even includes schematics for building you own audio equipment.

Wiki has an in-depth piece on the origins and lifetime of this publication.   The most telling facts:  AUDIO was published under the name AUDIO ENGINEERING until 1954.  Why the name change?  Because the AES (Audio Engineering Society) began publishing it’s own journal in 1953.  See my previous post on the AES journal for more information on this great publication. Anyhow, as Wiki tells us, AUDIO at this point shifted to a more consumer/hobbyist perspective.  Which means that: to be an ‘audio hobbyist’ in the 50’s/60’s really did mean that you likely built audio equipment.  Not simply that you were a consumer of audio equipment.

There has been a tremendous surge lately in the idea that modern Americans ‘don’t do/can’t do anything with their hands/minds/etc.’  Witness the incredible popularity of M. Crawford’s “Shop Class As Soulcraft.” Or, on the darker side of the same coin, Mark Bauerlein’s “The Dumbest Generation.” I am not advocating either of these viewpoints; I am just pointing out that the intense popularity of AUDIO magazine 50 years ago, versus the kind of content that we get in STEREOPHILE today, would seem to indicate a shift in what consumers are willing/able to do in the service of their audio hobby.

Japan still does have widely-distributed audio publications that cover both mass-produced audio products and project plans/schematics for those who will ‘do it themselves.’  I will cover some of these magazines in the near future.

Anyhow.  Getting back to AUDIO.  So we have a magazine that is aimed at the dude who likes to buy expensive audio kit.  Also at the dude who likes to build audio equipment. But also to the audio professional!  There is a wealth of advertising in these old issues which is aimed at broadcast, live-sound, and recording professionals.  Here is a sampling of some of the pro-audio goods on offer in AUDIO from 1963-1966.

FOLLOW THE LINK FOR THE COLLECTION OF IMAGES:

Categories
History Publications Technical

Service Call

Why do some of us (audio enthusiasts, recording engineers, musicians) choose to use old vacuum tube equipment?  The reasons vary widely, but very few users would cite ‘better reliability’ as a positive factor.   True, much old tube-based audio equipment designed for professional use (EG., Fender guitar amps) is designed so that it CAN be easily serviced.  I haven’t found a tube guitar amp yet that I couldn’t fix. But ‘serviceability’ is different from ‘reliability.’

Is vacuum tube audio equipment inherently less reliable than solid-state equipment?  I am not certain that this is the case.  But there are a few basic conditions of tube equipment that would seem to make it more prone to breakdown.

*High Voltage.  Due to the optimum operating points of many vacuum tubes, most tube equipment will have DC voltages upwards of 300 or even 500 volts present inside the chassis, flowing through the capacitors, resistors, pots, and transformers.  This voltage is often near the stated working limit of these components.  Compare this to solid-state, where 24volts is the most you will likely find.

*Filaments (tube heaters).  Man look at those tubes glow.  They look great, right?  Yes they do.  But remember that the glow is created by heaters.  Their function is to make the tube hot.  Very very hot.  And they make everything else in the area hot.  Drying out wires and insulation, causing potting wax to flow out, and generally contributing to the decline of the physical condition of all the components.  Consider the amount of heat in, say, a Fender Twin amp.  Each 6L6 tube is drawing (6.3Vx .9A)= 6 watts x 4 tubes.  That’s 24 watts of pure HEAT present whenever the device is turned on.  Solid-state equipment does not need heaters to operate.

*Layout. In order to conserve space in a chassis, and simplify the construction, tube equipment was often wired point-to-point, with lots of little hand-made solder joints.  Compare this to solid-state equipment, where the smaller (due to lower voltage requirements) components can all be assembled on a board.  Just take a look at the two devices here.  Which one do you think is more likely to develop a problem due to mechanical shock?

(web source)

(web source)

Anyhow, vacuum tube equipment tended to require more servicing than later solid-state equipment designed for the same purpose.  A natural consequence of this was…  more servicemen!  Radio/Television repair shops used to be a common sight in America.  Now, not so much.  Even beyond the greater need for servicing in the tube-era, there is secondary reason: cost.  Since so much modern ‘surface-mount’ equipment can be built by robotic automation, and produced offshore, modern equipment costs less.  It’s often just not worth repairing.  You simply throw it out.  This was not the case in the 1950s.

Consider the cost of a basic 17″ television in 1951.  $139.50.  This is today’s equivalent of $1170.  That’s a lot of money. If your $1170 TV breaks, you would likely get it fixed.   Whereas in 2010, a 17″ TV will only cost you $168. Would you spend time and money to have a $168 TV serviced?  Not likely.

A large range of publications once existed to cater to these legions of TV/Radio serviceman.  We will look at several of these titles in the future on this site.  For today, let’s consider Radio & Television News, which was the 1948-1959 title of the magazine that Ziff-Davis published for the professional readership market.   Wiki has a good article about the long and complex history of this publication.  Anyhow, the R&TN ran articles on electronic theory, service practice, general small-business professionalism, etc.  They also had several articles in each issue which offered circuit descriptions and schematics for various devices.   R&TN published several ‘Audio Feature’ issues that have some interesting projects outlined.  Today we will look at some of these projects which have potential use in the recording studio.

FOLLOW THE LINK FOR MANY INTERESTING C.1950 DIY AUDIO PROJECTS.,..

Categories
Publications

en busca del sonido de edad

We went to Buenos Aires  (BA) a few years back to visit a friend who was working on a project there.  It is a very beautiful yet decayed city.  If you like faded glamor, I got a place for you.

The history of Argentina is long and sometimes dark, filled with tales of cannibalism,  secret police forces, athletic games involving live ducks, and on up to recent obsessions with cosmetic surgery and psychology.  It also has some of the finest architecture, food, and wine on the planet.   100 years ago, Argentina was one of the most prosperous and wealthy nations on Earth.  Its fates have shifted.  Visiting BA in the midst of the most recent Economic Calamity, I could not help but imagine Argentina as a vision of the United States in 50 years.  Proud and beautiful and vast, but with many starving, huge dependency on foreign industry, and very low standards of conduct for elected officials.

We stayed in an old part of the city by the docks.  There are many flea markets in this part of town, and I managed to find a few things of interest.

This circa 1960 Soviet microphone sadly did not work.

Purchased this very cleverly named chorus pedal from modern Argentine maker CLUSTER. This pedal is a clone of the EHX Small Clone, an effect which looms largest in our collective subconscious due to Kurt Cobain’s use of the device for the clean (IE, the verses) guitar parts in ‘Smells Like Teen Spirit.’ 1992 was the year that this track broke worldwide.  Hence “Spirit (of) (19)92.”

It’s a great sounding pedal with a very charming hand-finished quality to the enclosure.  I don’t think these are available outside of Argentina.

Most exciting were the ancient audio-tech magazines that turned up in some of the numerous stores and stalls dedicated to old books.  Here are some images and projects from:  ‘Radio e Televisao,’ Sau Paulo, 1950; ‘Radio Chassis Television,’ BA., 1960; and ‘Radio Tecnica,’ BA., 1976.

Many more great images and schematics from a bygone world after the link….

Categories
Guitar Equipment Publications Synthesizers

I just wanna get up here and cook, man.

Downbeat is one of the oldest music magazines in the world.  They have been publishing since 1934. This is incredible.  Downbeat primarily covers jazz music.  Much of jazz was (and is) performed on acoustic instruments, or electric instruments where ‘fidelity’ and ‘natural-ness’ of tone is the desired effect.  If you have been following this website you will probably guess that this is not of great interest to me.  The late 60’s/early 70’s were an inclusive, experimental time for instrumental music though – consider Miles’ Bitches Brew period, Melvin Jackson, and even our friend Steve Douglas – and equipment manufacturers were beginning to create devices that our scale-ripping friends could use up on the bandstand.  For evidence, let’s turn to some Psych-era issues of Downbeat and see what was on offer…

Selmer was not the only firm to offer an ‘electric saxophone’ kit.  I have owned a few that VOX marketed as well.  Basically these devices offer combinations of various primitive sound effects, from distortion, filtering and reverb, up to actual monophonic pitch-tracking.  Some of the effects that you can get with these things are pretty radical (literally).  Check out the earlier Steve Douglas post for an example.

Along the same lines, here’s a slightly later offering from Maestro, the effects division of Gibson Musical Instruments.

In an earlier post, I briefly covered the Gibson GA100, a late-50s guitar amplifier which was intended for use with classical guitar and acoustic bass.  Baldwin marketed a similar product in the late 60’s.  Willie Nelson has used one of these for decades with his lil buddy Trigger.

And while we’re on the subject, how about an amplifier that REALLY sells to the jazz guys?

I have used one of these (with the similarly humongous 2×12″ extension cab) and they are pretty funny…

Alright so if you’ve made it this far, I am guessing that you are prepared to follow the link below and see more of this fun stuff.

SEE MORE CIRCA 1968 DOWNBEAT ADs FOR OFFBEAT EQUIPMENT…

Categories
Publications Uncategorized

Getting your moods together

El Cajon, California was probably a pretty mellow place in 1978.

This dude is killing it on stage.

How about these likely lads?

… and her…

I am not sure what happened to “Musician’s Supply, INC” of El Cajon.  Does anyone know?  Were they bought up buy another firm?  Did their offices burn down after some sort of early ‘rager?’

MS, INC., may be gone, but Ibanez is still going strong.  Sadly they don’t make these Gibson copies anymore.

Bob Heil was a major maker/operator of live-sound touring equipment back then.  He was out of commission for a long while but now he’s back with a line of microphones that are getting great reviews.  Here’s some of Heil’s c.1978 offerings, again from MS., INC.

I love the very DIY, shop-y style of this Heil kit.  Seeing this reminded me of what a great story Bob Heil has.  Read all about this fascinating audio pioneer here and here.

Anyone have any thoughts on the new Heil mics?

Anyone still using his c.’78 audio equipment?

Categories
History Icons Manufacturers Publications

Saul Marantz and The Roots of Great Design

A few years ago I bought a pile of old electronic parts from an anonymous junk dealer.  Random stuff- 5 lbs of crappy ¼” jacks,  some VU meters, a box of giant knobs, etc.  The dealer also had a box of old AES Journals.

The AES, or Audio Engineering Society, is just what the name suggests.  A professional organization for those who work in audio.   I don’t know what the main focus of the AES is nowadays (i am not a member), but in the early 1960s it was very technical.  Not so much an organization for people who engineer audio (IE., use equipment to manipulate audio signals), but rather an organization for people who engineer the equipment that recording engineers would then use to manipulate audio.  Let’s put it this way:  there’s a lot of math involved.  Here’s a contents page from 1964.  This issue was devoted to tape-recorder noise reduction. As in, designing the circuits.  Not just building or using them.

There are some more accessible articles, like this piece detailing a custom-made audio console:

…and, of course, all those great old advertisements.

Anyhow, when i had the chance to examine the circa-1970 AES journals that the dealer sold me, it became apparent that they had once been the property of one Saul Marantz.

I knew the name Marantz as it applies to audio equipment – my wife in fact has a complete (circa 1995) Marantz hi-fi system in her studio – but i knew a little about the man.   Turns out he was a fascinating character.

From the NYtimes: “ A man of many parts — photographer, classical guitarist, graphics designer, collector of Chinese and Japanese art — Mr. Marantz was fascinated by electronics from his boyhood days in Brooklyn. His passion for music led to his first attempts at building audio components…. After service in the Army during World War II, Mr. Marantz and his wife, Jean Dickey Marantz, settled in Kew Gardens, Queens. One day in 1945, he decided to rip the radio out of his 1940 Mercury, where he rarely listened to it, and put it to more practical use in his house. But that transplant required building additional electronics to make the radio work indoors. Such was the hook that snared Mr. Marantz for life.”

Saul Marantz was a  career graphic designer at the time.  He left this career once his Hi -Fi components (co-designed with engineer Sidney Smith) took off.

Learning that S. Marantz had been a graphic designer (and collector of Japanese art) really put the puzzle together for me.  The extremely elegant appearance of all the Marantz products (until he left the company in 1968, at least) always made a big impression on me.  Early Marantz hardware was high-end, sure – with prices and specs close to McIntosh pieces – but their visual design is in a league buy itself.

(web source)

(web source)

In another of the Marantz AES journals, S. Marantz receives an achievement award for outstanding contribution to consumer audio equipment.

The ‘classic’ Marantz designs were introduced between 1950 and 1964.  After that point, it became a ‘name-only’ company.  The more recent Marantz-branded products are of good quality, for what’s it worth.

How important are visuals to your appreciation of audio hardware?  How important the tactile interface with the devices?

When everything is reduced (enhanced??) to a touch screen, with the visual experience of audio tools be heightened, or reduced?